What Are Rocks? What Types of Rocks Are There? What Is The Rock Cycle? What Minerals Form Rocks? Collecting Rocks; Safety While Collecting Rocks; Using the Rock ...Aug 27, 2015 · It shows a portion of an outcrop of a rock similar to the conglomerates found on Earth. The pebbles below the rock are clasts that have been weathered from the rock. The photo on the right is a conglomerate outcrop from Earth to show similarity. The presence of conglomerate and sandstones on Mars is evidence of moving water. Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock composed primarily of clay minerals and other clay-sized particles of minerals like quartz and calcite. It is laminated and fissile, easily breaking along bedding planes. Shale …Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock composed primarily of clay minerals and other clay-sized particles of minerals like quartz and calcite. It is laminated and fissile, easily breaking along bedding planes. Shale …This unit is mainly composed of dark shale, mudstone, carbonaceous shale and coal 16,17 (Fig. 1). Figure 1 Tectonic units in the Qaidam Basin and the location of the Chaiye 2 well.Shale Oil. Conventional production establishes the basic costs of drilling a well. You need a rig, drill stem, casing, the crew, and all the other pieces that go into a vertical well. The ...Sep 29, 2023 · shale, any of a group of fine-grained, laminated sedimentary rocks consisting of silt- and clay-sized particles. Shale is the most abundant of the sedimentary rocks, accounting for roughly 70 percent of this rock type in the crust of the Earth. Shales are often found with layers of sandstone or limestone. Shale is a rock that has been formed from the compression of mud over time. Some black shale contains organic compounds that can be converted to oil or natural gas. Other colors of shale are crushed and mixed with water to create clay.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Conglomerate, Conglomerate is composed of?, Texture of Conglomerate and more. Home Subjects Expert solutions Create Study sets, textbooks, questions ...Shale is a laminated or fissile clastic sedimentary rock that composed of predominance of silt and clay other minerals , especially quartz and calcite. Plus.Chert is a sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz, the mineral form of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ). It occurs as nodules, concretionary masses, and as layered deposits. Chert breaks with a conchoidal fracture, often producing very sharp edges. Early people took advantage of how chert breaks and used it to fashion ... shale, any of a group of fine-grained, laminated sedimentary rocks consisting of silt- and clay-sized particles. Shale is the most abundant of the sedimentary rocks, accounting for roughly 70 percent of this rock type in the crust of the Earth. Shales are often found with layers of sandstone or limestone.Oil Shale Extraction - Oil shale extraction is more complicated than crude oil extraction; it includes the extra steps of retorting and refining. Read about oil shale extraction. Advertisement The process of extracting liquid crude oil from...Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of mud containing clays and silt-size particles of other minerals. Some shale can also contain significant ...Shale reservoirs have been considered extensively in the literature (e.g., Aguilera, 1978; Bustin et al., 2008; Ruppel and Loucks, 2008; Wang and Reed, 2009; Ambrose et al., 2010; Lavoie et al., 2010) and this study has benefitted greatly from those publications.In particular this section follows closely the work of Aguilera (2010).In the …לפני 7 ימים ... The meaning of SHALE is a fissile rock that is formed by the consolidation of clay, mud, or silt, has a finely stratified or laminated ...Aug 2, 2020 · Shale is a fine-grained rock made from compacted mud and clay. The defining characteristic of shale is its ability to break into layers or fissility. Black and gray shale are common, but the rock can occur in any color. Shale is commercially important. It is used to make brick, pottery, tile, and Portland cement. The term siliciclastic refers to sediments composed mostly of silicate minerals. The most common sedimentary rocks – including shale, sandstone, and ...Start studying geology 1601. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Only $2.99/monthJan 26, 2023 · Summary. You can make bricks from nothing more than clay and shale mixed with water. Once you form the brick and dry it, you must bake it at an extremely high temperature to create the finished product. The high temperature means that bricks take a great deal of energy to create, but they have a long lifespan that can last 100 years or more ... Know the glacial features of the park and how they form (e.g. elongate lakes). U-shaped valleys, hanging valleys, elongate lakes, and a variety of other glacial features characterize the landscape St. Mary Lake is an example of an elongate glacial lake formed behind a natural dam created by the ‘bulldozing’ of debris at the front of an …Shale gas is found in shale "plays," which are shale formations containing significant accumulations of natural gas and which share similar geologic and geographic properties. A decade of production has come from the Barnett Shale play in Texas. Experience and information gained from developing the Barnett Shale have improved the efficiency of ...The clay mineral composition of shale samples from the four key wells is plotted in a three-terminal diagram (mixed-layer illite/smectite, kaolinite, and illite) in Figure 3B.The clay minerals of the Es 1 L shale samples were composed of illite (avg. 43.46%), and mixed-layer illite/smectite (avg. 41.64%), with relatively small amounts of kaolinite (avg. 8.71%) …Shale refers to a rock formed from: sand sized material plant remains clay minerals carbonate. Which one of the following is a biochemical sedimentary rock? sand sized material coal shale conglomerate. A clastic rock is: a rock formed from the cementation of transported grains a rock formed from evaporation of sea water transformed by heat into ...What is the Utica Shale? The Utica Shale play is one of the brightest stars in the developing U.S. resource play scene.. The overall play is actually composed of at least three named geologic units: the Utica Shale, the Point Pleasant Formation, and the Collingwood Member of the Trenton Limestone.The Utica Shale covers much of the northern Appalachian …What Is Frac Sand? "Frac sand" is a high-purity quartz sand with very durable and very round grains. It is a crush-resistant material produced for use by the petroleum industry. It is used in the hydraulic fracturing process (known as "fracking") to produce petroleum fluids, such as oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids from rock units that lack adequate pore …It is composed of small particles of quartz, white mica, clay minerals, hematite and alunite. The striking colour banding was probably formed after the original sediments were deposited by the rhythmic precipitation of hematite-rich bands during alteration of the rock in a highly oxidising environment.Expert Answer. 1. As the rock is made up of powdery limestone, the rock is "Chalk". Sandstone is made up of quartz and feldspar. Shale is made up of quartz, feldspar and clay minerals. Chert is made up of microcrystalline quartz. So the answer is " Chal …. Knowns: This rock is a powdery limestone containing calcite from the shells of ...Black sand on a volcanically active oceanic island. Puerto Naos, La Palma, Canary Islands. The realm of black sands can be broadly divided into two parts, both of them having subdivisions. The most widespread type of black sand is composed of volcanic minerals and lava fragments. Such sands are especially common on the coasts of volcanic ...The shale gas reservoir in the study area is deposited in semi-deep – deep lake gravity flow, prodelta and shallow-lacustrine environments at the most expansive stage of the lake (Dimberline et al., 1990). The main diagenetic processes affecting the shale gas formation is compaction, cementation and dissolution (Lai et al., 2016).Dec 27, 2022 · Natural gas is a fossil fuel energy source. Natural gas contains many different compounds. The largest component of natural gas is methane, a compound with one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms (CH 4 ). Natural gas also contains smaller amounts of natural gas liquids (NGLs, which are also hydrocarbon gas liquids ), and nonhydrocarbon gases ... One definition is that siltstone is mudrock ( clastic sedimentary rock containing at least 50% clay and silt) in which at least 2/3 of the clay and silt fraction is composed of silt-sized particles. Silt is defined as grains 2–62 μm in diameter, or 4 to 8 on the Krumbein phi (φ) scale. [7] An alternate definition is that siltstone is any ...Sedimentary. When the sedimentary rock shale, composed of tiny clay particles, is metamorphosed, it first transforms into slate. Slate breaks along flat, smooth layers of foliation (which is why slate is used for chalkboards). Under increasing temperature, slate transforms to phyllite, which has foliated layers of shiny microscopic …Breccia forms where broken, angular fragments of rock or mineral debris accumulate. One of the most common locations for breccia formation is at the base of an outcrop where mechanical weathering debris accumulates. Another is in stream deposits a short distance from the outcrop or on an alluvial fan. Some breccias form from debris flow deposits. Aug 27, 2023 · AKA: schist is made of magma. (lava) What is the parent rock of mica schist? Mica schist, the most common schistose rock and the second most common metamorphic rock, is composed mostly of mica (usually biotite or muscovite) and smaller amounts of quartz. The original parent rock (or protolith) of mica schist is shale. The way shaliness affects a log reading depends on the amount of shale and its physical properties. It may also depend on the way the shale is distributed in the formation. Shaly material can be distributed in the formation in three ways: Shale can exist in the form of laminae between which are layers of sand.Adria Malcolm for The Wall Street Journal. By Collin Eaton and Benoît Morenne. March 8, 2023 5:30 am ET. Listen to article. (1 minute) HOUSTON—The boom in oil production that over the last ...The clay mineral composition of shale samples from the four key wells is plotted in a three-terminal diagram (mixed-layer illite/smectite, kaolinite, and illite) in Figure 3B.The clay minerals of the Es 1 L shale samples were composed of illite (avg. 43.46%), and mixed-layer illite/smectite (avg. 41.64%), with relatively small amounts of kaolinite (avg. 8.71%) …Start studying geology 1601. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Only $2.99/monthClay is the smallest of detrital sedimentary rocks and is composed of shale/mudstone. ... What is Shale? Soft, finely stratified sedimentary rock that formed ...Apr 4, 2015 · What is Slate? Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism. It is the finest grained foliated metamorphic rock. Foliation may not correspond to the original sedimentary layering, but instead is in ... Aug 23, 2022 · Shale Oil: A type of unconventional oil found in shale formations. Shale oil can refer to two types of oil. It may refer to crude oil that is found within shale formations, or to oil that is ... People often use the terms ‘cement’ and ‘concrete’ interchangeably. Which is similar to using the words ‘flour’ and ‘cake’ interchangeably. It’s not the same thing. Cement, like flour, is an ingredient. To make concrete a mixture of portland cement (10-15%) and water (15-20%) make a paste. This paste is then mixed with ...Mudrock is composed of at least 75% silt- and clay-sized fragments. If it is dominated by clay, it is called claystone. If it shows evidence of bedding or fine laminations, it is shale; otherwise, it is mudstone. Mudrocks form in very low energy environments, such as lakes, river backwaters, and the deep ocean.Claystone, hardened clay. Some geologists further restrict the term to a sedimentary rock that is composed primarily of clay-sized particles (less than 1256 millimetre in diameter) and is not laminated or easily split into thin layers; such rocks that show cleavage roughly parallel to the bedding.SHALE - forms from clay(particles: <1/256mm); shale displays laminae ... For instance, diatomite made of the silica shells of diatoms can be altered and turned to ...What is the Utica Shale? The Utica Shale play is one of the brightest stars in the developing U.S. resource play scene.. The overall play is actually composed of at least three named geologic units: the Utica Shale, the Point Pleasant Formation, and the Collingwood Member of the Trenton Limestone.The Utica Shale covers much of the northern Appalachian …Shale is a type of sedimentary rock that forms in muddy, clay mineral-filled environments. Like all sedimentary rock, it forms from the weathering by-products of other rocks, usually those ...A) breccia has a compacted, clay-rich matrix; conglomerate has no matrix. B) breccia clasts are the size of baseballs; conglomerate clasts are larger. C) breccia clasts are angular; conglomerate clasts are rounded. D) a breccia is well stratified; a …Schist is a foliated metamorphic rock made up of plate-shaped mineral grains that are large enough to see with an unaided eye. It usually forms on a continental side of a convergent plate boundary where sedimentary rocks, such as shales and mudstones, have been subjected to compressive forces, heat, and chemical activity.Silurian and Devonian sedimentary rocks in Oklahoma. (except for deposits in the Ouachita Basin) are limestone and dolomite overlain by black shale (Fig. 6).What is the Utica Shale? The Utica Shale is a black, calcareous, organic-rich shale of Middle Ordovician age that underlies significant portions of Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, New York, Quebec and other parts of eastern North America (see Figure 1). In the subsurface, the Utica Shale is located a few thousand feet below the Marcellus Shale, …Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism. It is the finest grained foliated metamorphic rock. Foliation may not correspond to the original sedimentary layering, but instead is in planes ...Nov 2, 2021 · Shale is a type of sedimentary rock that forms in muddy, clay mineral-filled environments. Like all sedimentary rock, it forms from the weathering by-products of other rocks, usually those ... Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A clastic sedimentary rock composed of angular pebble-sized fragments surrounded by matrix is A. breccia. B. conglomerate C. shale D. arkose, A clastic sedimentary rock with clay- and silt-sized grains that breaks in thin sheets is called A. mudstone B. shale C. siltstone D. wacke, A sedimentary basin that forms when continental ...Gneiss (/ n aɪ s / NICE) is a common and widely distributed type of metamorphic rock.It is formed by high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphic processes acting on formations composed of igneous or sedimentary rocks.Gneiss forms at higher temperatures and pressures than schist.Gneiss nearly always shows a banded texture characterized by …What is the Utica Shale? The Utica Shale play is one of the brightest stars in the developing U.S. resource play scene.. The overall play is actually composed of at least three named geologic units: the Utica Shale, the Point Pleasant Formation, and the Collingwood Member of the Trenton Limestone.The Utica Shale covers much of the northern Appalachian …Shale forms from the pressure of layers of sediment compressing bits of silt that settle into the clay on the bottom of bodies of water. The compressed clay and silt become shale over time. Shale is a sedimentary rock.The shale gas reservoir in the study area is deposited in semi-deep – deep lake gravity flow, prodelta and shallow-lacustrine environments at the most expansive stage of the lake (Dimberline et al., 1990). The main diagenetic processes affecting the shale gas formation is compaction, cementation and dissolution (Lai et al., 2016).Kerogen, complex waxy mixture of hydrocarbon compounds that is the primary organic component of oil shale. Kerogen consists mainly of paraffin hydrocarbons, though the solid mixture also incorporates nitrogen and sulfur. Kerogen is insoluble in water and in organic solvents such as benzene or.AKA: schist is made of magma. (lava) What is the parent rock of mica schist? Mica schist, the most common schistose rock and the second most common metamorphic rock, is composed mostly of mica (usually biotite or muscovite) and smaller amounts of quartz. The original parent rock (or protolith) of mica schist is shale.Hermit Shale – Composed of soft, easily eroded shales. Fossils are ferns, conifers, and other plants, and fossilized tracks of reptiles and amphibians. Represents a swampy environment about 265 million years ago. It is fromshale, sedimentary rock [1] formed by the consolidation of mud or clay, having the property of splitting into thin layers parallel to its bedding planes.Description. Shale is a sedimentary rock composed of very fine clay particles. Clay forms from the decomposition of the mineral feldspar. Other minerals present in shale are quartz, mica, pyrite, and organic matter. Shale forms in very deep ocean water, lagoons, lakes and swamps where the water is still enough to allow the extremely fine clay ... shale is composed of mud that contains _____ and _____-sized particles. it is resistant to chemical weathering. why is quartz so abundant in sandstones. ...Shale gas is an unconventional natural gas that is found trapped within shale formations. ... Drilling depths of 1,000 to 3,000 m, then injection of a fluid composed of water, sand and detergents under pressure (600 bar), are required to fracture the rock and release the gas.Siltstone, also known as aleurolite, is a clastic sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of silt.It is a form of mudrock with a low clay mineral content, which can be distinguished from shale by its lack of fissility. Siltstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of silt-sized particles. It forms where water, wind, or ice deposit silt, and the silt is then compacted and cemented into a rock. Silt accumulates in sedimentary basins throughout the world. It represents a level of current, wave, or wind energy between where sand and mud accumulate.Jan 5, 2023 · Shale. Shale is the most abundant of all sedimentary rocks. It is composed primarily of soft clay minerals, but may include variable amounts of organic matter, calcareous material, and quartz grains. Shale may be any color, but is generally greenish gray to grayish black. It is relatively soft and has a smooth, greasy feel when freshly exposed ... Following are the two types of igneous rock: Intrusive igneous rock: These rocks crystallise below the earth’s surface resulting in large crystals as the cooling takes place slowly. Diorite, granite, and pegmatite are examples of intrusive igneous rocks. Extrusive igneous rock: These rocks erupt onto the surface resulting in small crystals as ...Shale Shale is a fine-grained, moderately to well-sorted rock formed by the compaction of well rounded silt-and clay-sized grains. Shales often contain fine laminations which helps impart fissility to the rock. Fissility is a term used to describe layered laminations formed by compression forces exerted over long-time periods.Shale is a sedimentary rock formed in the delta region. The formation gets initiated when a flowing stream gets stranded in a place, and the sediments get ...Shale is composed of fine-grained sediments of mud, clay minerals, and quartz ({eq}SiO_2 {/eq}).Clay minerals are hydrous aluminum phyllosilicates which means they contain water, aluminum, and ...Oct 19, 2023 · Sedimentary rocks are formed on or near the Earth’s surface, in contrast to metamorphic and igneous rocks, which are formed deep within the Earth. The most important geological processes that lead to the creation of sedimentary rocks are erosion, weathering, dissolution, precipitation, and lithification. Erosion and weathering include the ... The smallest grains are called clay, then silt, then sand. Grains larger than 2 millimeters are called pebbles. Shale is a rock made mostly of clay, siltstone is made up of silt-sized grains, sandstone is made of sand-sized clasts, and conglomerate is made of pebbles surrounded by a matrix of sand or mud. Biologic Sedimentary Rocks: However, shale oil should not be confused with oil shale, which is a rock that contains a compound called kerogen and is used to make oil. In this article, we’ll look at the difference between ...They are composed of clays and the bedding plane within the shales is "due to ... The silt or clay that composes shale … A Middle Ordovician Burgess Shale ...6 בדצמ׳ 2017 ... Shale is defined as a fine-grained sedimentary rock that is a mix of clay minerals and quartz, calcite, and so on. The typical grain size range ...oil shale 《地学》油頁岩 - アルクがお届けするオンライン英和・和英辞書検索サービス。 語学学習のアルクのサイトがお届けする進化するオンライン英和・和英辞書『英辞郎 on the WEB』。Description. Shale is a sedimentary rock composed of very fine clay particles. Clay forms from the decomposition of the mineral feldspar. Other minerals present in shale are quartz, mica, pyrite, and organic matter. Shale forms in very deep ocean water, lagoons, lakes and swamps where the water is still enough to allow the extremely fine clay ... Shale forms from the pressure of layers of sediment compressing bits of silt that settle into the clay on the bottom of bodies of water. The compressed clay and silt become shale over time. Shale is a sedimentary rock.Exxon Mobil Corp. agreed to buy Pioneer Natural Resources Co. for $59.5 billion, the supermajor’s largest takeover in more than two decades, as it seeks to …The Chiapas amber is found mainly in three lithostratigraphic units, known as (from base to top) La Quinta Formation, Mazantic Shale and Balumtum Sandstone (Fig. 2). These units are exposed in the Sierra Madre del Sur in Chiapas, from the north edge of the central depression (Totolapa) to Palenque, near the Gulf Coast of Tabasco ( Solórzano …The clay mineral composition of shale samples from the four key wells is plotted in a three-terminal diagram (mixed-layer illite/smectite, kaolinite, and illite) in Figure 3B.The clay minerals of the Es 1 L shale samples were composed of illite (avg. 43.46%), and mixed-layer illite/smectite (avg. 41.64%), with relatively small amounts of kaolinite (avg. 8.71%) …The clay mineral composition of shale samples from the four key wells is plotted in a three-terminal diagram (mixed-layer illite/smectite, kaolinite, and illite) in Figure 3B.The clay minerals of the Es 1 L shale samples were composed of illite (avg. 43.46%), and mixed-layer illite/smectite (avg. 41.64%), with relatively small amounts of kaolinite (avg. 8.71%) …Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that is formed when silt and clay are compressed. It is composed of many thin layers, and it readily splits into thin pieces where these layers meet—making it a relatively brittle stone. [2] Shale is composed of small grains and various minerals along with organic particles. Dolomite, also known as " dolostone " and " dolomite rock ," is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of the mineral dolomite, CaMg (CO 3) 2. Dolomite is found in sedimentary basins worldwide. It is thought to form by the postdepositional alteration of lime mud and limestone by magnesium-rich groundwater. Dolomite and limestone are very similar ...Clay is the smallest of detrital sedimentary rocks and is composed of shale/mudstone. ... What is Shale? Soft, finely stratified sedimentary rock that formed ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Weathering, Exfoliation, frost wedging and more.The type of rock that a metamorphic rock used to be, prior to metamorphism, is called the protolith. During metamorphism the mineral content and texture of the protolith are changed due to changes in the physical and chemical environment of the rock. Metamorphism can be caused by burial, tectonic stress, heating by magma, or alteration by fluids.
Conglomerate is a clastic sedimentary rock made up of rounded clasts that are greater than two millimeters in diameter. The spaces between the clasts are generally filled with sand- and clay-size particles. The rock is bound …. Garrett davidson
Start studying 2016 RH handouts week 1 and 2. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Obsidian nodules from the Southwest that are black but have a clear window when the piece is rotatedChemistry Crude oil is composed of hydrocarbons, which are mainly hydrogen (about 13 percent by weight) and carbon (about 85 percent). Other elements such as nitrogen (about 0.5 percent), sulfur (0.5 percent), oxygen (1 percent), and metals such as iron, nickel, and copper (less than 0.1 percent) can also be mixed in with the hydrocarbons in ...Rocks are what the crust of the earth is made of. They are the mountains and the bottom of the ocean. They are everywhere on earth, but often buried under soil. Rocks are made of minerals, like quartz, calcite, feldspars, and micas. Most rocks are made from more than one mineral, but there are quite a few kinds that are made from only one mineral. Shale Formation. A shale formation is a sedimentary rock composed of fine-grained detrital mineral (silt-size particles of quartz and calcite) and flakes of clay and it is characterised by the presence of about 1% to over 20% of Total Organic Carbon content (TOC). From: Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2012. Related terms: Crude Oil Shale is composed of clay particles that are less than 0.004 mm in size. Type Rock Description Shale is a sedimentary rock composed of very fine clay particles. Clay forms from the decomposition of the mineral feldspar. Other minerals present in shale are quartz, mica, pyrite, and organic matter.Common products made from oil shale in these early operations were kerosene, lamp oil, paraffin, fuel oil, lubricating oil and grease, and ammonium sulfate. The oil-bearing component of the shale is called kerogen. Kerogen (CAS 8032-30-2) is a bitumen-like solid material consisting of approximately 75% carbon, 10% hydrogen, 2.5% nitrogen, 1.0% ...Shale Formation. A shale formation is a sedimentary rock composed of fine-grained detrital mineral (silt-size particles of quartz and calcite) and flakes of clay and it is characterised by the presence of about 1% to over 20% of Total Organic Carbon content (TOC). From: Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2012. Related terms: Crude Oil 28 בנוב׳ 2022 ... Shale is a type of sedimentary rock that is made up of clay and tiny particles of quartz, mica, and other minerals. It is found all over the ...Natural gas is a fossil fuel energy source. Natural gas contains many different compounds. The largest component of natural gas is methane, a compound with one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms (CH 4 ). Natural gas also contains smaller amounts of natural gas liquids (NGLs, which are also hydrocarbon gas liquids ), and nonhydrocarbon gases ...Shale gas is found in shale "plays," which are shale formations containing significant accumulations of natural gas and which share similar geologic and geographic properties. A decade of production has come from the Barnett Shale play in Texas. Experience and information gained from developing the Barnett Shale have improved the efficiency of ..."Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms from the compaction of silt and clay-size mineral particles and is easily broken into thin, parallel layers. Black shale contains organic material that can generate oil and …A metamorphic rock used to be some other type of rock, but it was changed inside the Earth to become a new type of rock. The word metamorphism comes from ancient Greek words for “change” (meta) and “form” (morph). The type of rock that a metamorphic rock used to be, prior to metamorphism, is called the protolith.Composition of Shale. Shale is a rock composed mainly of clay-size mineral grains. These tiny grains are usually clay minerals such as illite, kaolinite, and smectite. Shale usually contains other clay-size mineral particles such as quartz, chert, and feldspar. See more.
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